The mine is estimated to contain 17.2 billion pounds of copper and 14.1Moz of gold in recoverable reserves. Mining and ore processing for the Grasberg Block Cave mine. Underground block caving method, involving undercut and drawbell …
2020-2-24 · Block caving has emerged as a cost-effective method of mining large, low-grade mineral deposits. The role of block caving. Although the caving mining system was initially used for shallow orebodies, it has recently been applied at …
Block caving is a large-scale mining method that is particularly useful for mining low-grade or disseminated ore bodies which are at too great a depth to be exploited through open-cast mining. This mining technique gets its name from the layout …
2019-12-4 · Block caving – The underground version of the open pit mining method where the ore body is undermined and allowed to collapse progressively under its own weight. Placer mining Examples of deposits mined by placer mining are gold-bearing sands and gravel that has settled from rapidly moving streams to slower, more stable currents.
A method for mining of rock or ore according to the block caving principle, comprising driving, at several levels, substantially straight, parallel and horizontal drifts through the entire lower part of a block, choosing the distance between the drifts of each level so that remaining supporting pillars will cover at least 40% of the block area ...
2021-1-12 · Of all the mine exploitation systems, block caving has the lowest cost, except for maybe open-pit mining or in-situ recovery. Cut-and-Fill Mining. A method of short-hole mining, cut-and-fill mining is used in irregular or steeply dipping …
2020-10-21 · 6 What and Why Block Caving? What : Block (gravity) caving is a bulk underground mining method, which allows large low-grade deposits to be mined underground. This method involves undermining the orebody to make it collapse under its own weight into a series of chambers from which the ore extracted.
Block caving is a large-scale mining method that is particularly useful for mining low-grade or disseminated ore bodies which are at too great a depth to be …
Figure 1 shows the breakdown of the database by continent, mining method and mineral produced. The majority of operations are North American based (42%), while an in-creasing number of mining operations in Asia are adopting cave mining methods (Fig. 1a). When it comes to mining method, 67 percent of the cases involve block caving with 16 percent
2018-12-1 · Block cave mining is an underground mass mining method that allows for the bulk extraction of large, relatively lower- grade ore deposits with substantial vertical dimension. In block caving, a large section of ore is initially undercut by drilling and blasting, creating a large unsupported roof that will start to collapse under its own weight ...
2020-4-8 · The current concept involves a 7.5-km-long access decline leading to four production levels, with block caving being used to produce 140,000 mt/d of ore. And in the U.S., the possibility of mining below the existing Bingham …
Longwall mining. Longwall mining is a type of caving, applied to a horizontal tabular deposit such as coal. While block and sublevel caving are essentially vertically advancing metal mining methods, longwall mining is applied to relatively thin and flat-lying deposits – most often coal, but occasionally an industrial mineral such as trona.
2019-6-28 · Sublevel Caving 1.png. Sublevel Caving is one of the most advanced mining methods. This method is usually undertaken when mining the orebody through an open pit is no longer economically viable. In Sublevel Caving, mining …
2020-8-25 · Th e exploitation workings in caving methods are designed to collapse, with intentional caving of the ore and/or host rock. The three major caving methods are: • Longwall mining • Sublevel caving • Block caving Longwall mining is used in horizontal, tabular deposits (mainly coal), while the others
2018-1-30 · 12.4 Underground mining method •Block caving-A kind of mass mining method with high production rates at relatively low cost.-Applicable only to large orebodieswith a height of more than 100 m which have a fairly uniform distribution of grade.-Disintegration of ore and country rock takes place by natural mechanical
2016-1-10 · In classification of underground mining methods, caving methods are regarded as high production methods. These techniques are usually very costly and need great preparation. However, the high production rate of these methods, make them cost-effective . The Block Caving method is an example of
The role of block caving Although the caving mining system was initially used for shallow orebodies, it has recently been applied at depths of 2km underground. According to Suorineni, "caving heights have also increased drastically from …
8.4.2a Block Caving. This method, which was developed in the U.S. after WW I, is well suited for mining in weak orebodies. Panels or blocks of ore are undercut. Once undercut, the weak orebody begins to cave under its own weight. The caved ore is drawn off through draw points.
2018-12-1 · Block cave mining is an underground mass mining method that allows for the bulk extraction of large, relatively lower- grade ore deposits with substantial vertical dimension. In block caving, a large section of ore is initially undercut by drilling and blasting, creating a large unsupported roof that will start to collapse under its own weight ...
2021-12-10 · Block Caving. Block-caving method is employed generally for steeply dipping ores, and thick sub-. horizontal seams of ore. The method has …
2010-9-13 · Block Caving as the mining method for Block 4. A literature study of mines which implemented mining methods upon which the Inclined Cave was conceptualised is then presented. These practices were then used to form the basis of the designs on which the initial geotechnical modelling was done and built upon through an iterative process of ...
Caving 2018: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Block and Sublevel Caving, Caving 2018. 2018. Cuello, D; Newcombe, G. Key geotechnical knowledge and practical mine planning guidelines in deep, high-stress, hard …
1.1 Block Caving. Block caving is an underground mining method applicable to the extraction of low-grade, massive ore bodies with the following characteristics: large vertical and horizontal dimensions, a rock mass that will break into pieces of manageable size, and. a surface that is allowed to subside. These rather unique conditions limit ...
2018-5-1 · Block caving mining method. Block caving is an underground mass production system of ore extraction which, under favorable conditions, gives lower mining costs than any other underground method. However, it requires relatively large capital expenditure in terms of preliminary development and infrastructure establishment.
2021-6-15 · Block caving mining method is one of the most viable and preferred mass underground mining methods for low grade orebody. However, in combined surface and underground mining, the breakthrough of an underground caving under an open pit may result in subsidence at the bottom of the pit. This can pose a serious threat for the stability of the pit …
2010-8-26 · Block caving method Underground mining is the planned extraction and transportation of a mineral resource from its underground location to a mill or processing plant on the surface (Alford et al., 2007). Different methods of extraction of the economic material have beendevised depending on the
2007-9-1 · These include block caving, panel caving and its variations. These methods currently have the lowest operational costs and highest productivity in underground mining . The cost effectiveness of a block caving operation relies strongly on the use of gravity to both cave and transport large amounts of broken rock from its in situ location.
Block caving is a new alternative method of developing new mines or extending the operation of open pits. Block caving is an underground hard rock mining method that involves undermining an ore body, allowing it to progressively collapse under its own weight. It is the underground version of open pit mining.
2020-3-24 · Block caving is an underground mining method that uses gravity to exploit massive, steeply dipping orebodies located at depth, particularly those with disseminated mineralisation or that are low-grade in nature, but too deep to be extracted using open pit methods. Block
The block caving method is examined in this paper on the basis of experimental results and observations in the field, and through the use of numerical modeling by …
2016-3-2 · Avoca methods of mining Gideon Gipmai Yowa (August, 2017) Senior Instructor, Mining Eng. Dept., PNG University of Technology. PNG 1. Overview Avoca Method of mining is a variation of sublevel stoping method with the introduction of waste rockfill as backfill.
When determining the block sizes, factors like data number and quality distribution, geological continuity, mining method, and size of excavation equipment have to …